Berlin, the capital city of Germany, boasts a rich and complex history that stretches back over seven centuries. Founded in the 13th century, Berlin has been at the heart of many significant historical events that have shaped not only the city but also the entire world. The origins of Berlin trace back to the merging of two towns, Cölln and Berlin, located on either side of the River Spree. By the 15th century, Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and later the Kingdom of Prussia. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Berlin evolved into a major European metropolis, reflecting the city's growing political, economic, and cultural significance. The 20th century brought dramatic changes to Berlin. After World War I, Berlin became the capital of the Weimar Republic , experiencing a period of cultural flourishing. However, the rise of the Nazi regime in the 1930s plunged the city into darkness, leading to World War II and the subsequent division of Berlin into...